China Water Resources

Discussion on the construction ideas and pathways of the national water network dispatching and command system

With the acceleration of national water network planning and construction, the transition from single-project and single-basin management to unified water network dispatching has become increasingly urgent. Accelerating the establishment of the national water network dispatching center, big data center,and basin sub-centers, as well as constructing the national water network dispatching and command system to enhance the intelligence level of water network dispatching management, are important tasks outlined in the National Water Network Construction Plan. To support the construction of the national water network dispatching and command system and fully leverage the overall efficiency of water network dispatching and operation, this paper delves into the conceptual connotation and functional roles of the system. It systematically analyzes the overall framework from aspects such as construction foundation,construction goals, guiding principles, and structural framework. The paper proposes pathways for constructing the system, including improving the legal and regulatory framework, establishing technical standards, optimizing dispatching schemes and rules, and strengthening operational support. Furthermore,it identifies five key relationships that need to be carefully managed during the construction process:multi-level water network dispatching coordination, interest coordination between water source and receiving areas, prioritization in multi-source allocation, multi-department and multi-objective trade-offs,and the delineation of dispatching authority between central and local governments. The aim is to enhance the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the water network through a well-constructed national water network dispatching and command system, thereby providing robust water security support for the country.

Multimodal large model construction technology for intelligent safety supervision of water diversion projects

With the comprehensive development of the “sky-space-earth-water-project” integrated monitoring system, safety management data of water diversion projects exhibit characteristics of multi-source heterogeneity, large volume, and dynamic complexity. Traditional analysis and mining methods based on single-modality data face significant limitations in the context of intelligent safety supervision. By integrating multimodal large models with knowledge graph technology, an intelligent supervision paradigm of “perception–cognition–decision” is proposed. Based on standards and specifications, risk and emergency management materials, inspection texts and images, and multispectral remote sensing imagery, a multimodal large model is fine-tuned and combined with a dynamic prompting strategy to construct a multimodal knowledge graph for engineering safety. Retrieval augmented generation(RAG) and the structured knowledge within the knowledge graph are employed to enhance the model's reliability and reasoning capability in specialized domains. A collaborative multi-agent decision chain construction method is introduced, enabling the coupling of model capabilities through dynamic task orchestration to support risk identification, assessment, and contingency planning in safety management. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high accuracy in multimodal knowledge extraction, providing effective support for intelligent safety supervision of water diversion projects.

Studies on integrated development of water-energy-food-ecosystem in soil erosion areas of the Ω Bend of the Yellow River

Water resources, energy, food, and ecosystems are closely interconnected. In the soil erosion areas of the Ω Bend of the Yellow River, balancing and coordinating these elements are crucial for sustainable regional socio-economic development. This study systematically analyzes the spatial and temporal variations of key factors, including water resources, total energy consumption, total grain production, and vegetation index, at the city scale in soil erosion areas of the Ω Bend of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2020. The results indicate uneven water distribution, significant growth in energy consumption, a steady increase in grain production,and continuous improvement in ecological conditions. These findings suggest a collaborative relationship among water, energy, food, and ecosystem; however, issues such as unbalanced development, low synergy,and unsustainability persist. The study recommends systematically enhancing the integrated development of water-energy-food-ecosystem, resolving conflicts between ecological protection and production development in soil erosion areas, and strengthening technological innovation and data support, with energy as a lever,water and food as the foundation, ecosystem as a constraint, and high-quality development as the goal, through technological innovation, institutional design, and spatial optimization, promoting the shift from inefficient collaboration to efficient integration of these four elements, thereby achieving ecological protection and highquality development in the Yellow River basin.

Potential for improving irrigation water use efficiency in China and realization path

The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water is a key indicator of irrigation water use efficiency and serves as an important assessment metric under China's strictest water resources management system. Monitoring data indicate that, with increased national investment in water-saving renovation and improved management in irrigation districts, the effective utilization coefficient has improved to varying degrees across large, medium, small, and pure well irrigation districts, but there is still potential for improvement compared to water-saving irrigation standards. Influenced by factors such as water conveyance infrastructure, field irrigation techniques, and irrigation district management, as well as inherent attributes like district scale and natural conditions, the effective utilization coefficient varies across districts and regions, and its improving potential should be analyzed systematically and evaluated scientifically, taking into account the requirements of water conservation, high efficiency, economic rationality and ecological health. Improving the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water is a systematic endeavor involving multiple sectors, including water resources and agriculture, necessitating integrated considering, systematic approach, coordinated efforts,and accelerated implementation.

Study on the driving factors of karst spring restoration in Western Beijing——a case study of the Yu Spring area

Springs serve as vital indicators of water ecological health, and the dynamic changes in water balance within spring areas comprehensively reflect climate change, social development, and the status of water resource development and utilization. The karst large spring, Yu Spring, located in Western Beijing, has experienced a cessation of flow since 1975. Due to the extensive area of the spring and the complex karst geological structure, achieving ecological restoration of such karst springs economically and effectively has been a longstanding challenge in the field of hydrogeology. Focusing on the Yu Spring area, this study collected data from 1961 to 2024, including atmospheric precipitation, groundwater levels, groundwater extraction volumes, and discharge volumes of the Yongding River. Utilizing regression analysis and wavelet analysis, the study elucidated the driving processes of groundwater extraction, Yongding River discharge, and atmospheric precipitation on changes in groundwater levels within the spring area. The annual average groundwater level variation trend equation was established,and the highest and lowest water levels within the year were delineated. Based on current groundwater extraction volumes, Yongding River discharge volumes, and multi-year average precipitation, predictions and mappings of annual average groundwater levels, as well as intra-annual maximum and minimum water levels from 2025 to 2028, were conducted. The results indicate that Yu Spring may experience intermittent resurgence after the flood season in 2026, with the potential for sustained flow resumption following the flood season in 2027.

Construction of spatiotemporal multi-source and multi-scale fusion framework based on digital twin data base of irrigation districts

To address issues like varied data types, inconsistent formats, differing monitoring frequencies,mismatched geographic spatial scales, overlapping business domains, and diffculties in data fusion, this study proposes a framework and methodology for multi-source data fusion in the digital twin base of irrigation districts. The multi-source data fusion paths are elaborated from several perspectives, including integrating unifed water resource object models, object fusion(fusion of entity object relationships, oblique photography models and BIM models, vector objects and oblique photography models), feature fusion(integration of features from multi-source remote sensing data, fusion of terrain features at different resolutions), and numerical fusion(merging station monitoring data, spatial scale fusion of point and grid data, and spatiotemporal interpolation fusion of long-, medium-, and short-term rainfall grid forecast data). In the application of the Ouyanghai Irrigation District project, scenarios such as crop planting area estimation, drought monitoring using multi-source data fusion, and inundation analysis based on multi-source data fusion were implemented. These applications enable the digital twin irrigation district to achieve multi-level visibility, usability, and traceability,transitioning from overall to local perspectives, from abstraction to detail, and from two-dimensional to threedimensional representations.

Safety of river courses of middle and lower mainstreams of the Yangtze River and measure study

Safety of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River relates directly to flood control, water supply, navigation and ecology of the basin. After years of practices, great achievements have been made in improving river regime, flood control safety, ecology and navigation. Key issues were examined including failure to ciontrol high flood peak due to insufficient storage and discharge capacity, unstable conditions of local rivers and mainstreams caused by erosion and sedimentation, water level drops during dry seasons, and degradation of water environment that fail to meet the water quality requirements specified for water function zones. New situations in the new stage and under new water-sediment condition are examined. First, highquality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt makes new and higher requirements for the safety of the river. Second, erosion and sedimentation of the middle and lower reaches and the relationship between river and lake have undergone changes and will continue to be adjusted in the long term in the future. Further analysis was conducted on the characteristics of water and sediment change since the operation of the Three Gorges Dam and the evolution pattern and impact of different river type. Future trend of water and sediment and changes of river lake relationship were analyzed. In response to the existing problems, fully considering the trend of strategic adjustments in the new period, and focusing on the multi-objective synergy needs, a series of main measures have been implemented to ensure river safety, including formulating relevant laws and plans, upgrading river and canal regulation and dredging projects, improving the river lake administration and supervision system, strengthening the coordinated operation of reservoir groups, and promoting the construction of digital twin Yangtze River.

Measure thinking for safeguarding water resources from the perspective of building a “Grain Warehouse” in Sichuan

Sichuan is a major agricultural province and the only major grain-producing province in the western region of China. To implement the strategy of the Chengdu-Chongqing dual-city economic circle, Sichuan's water resources management needs to accelerate the construction and improvement of a modern regional water network system to strengthen water resource guarantee for regional development. Based on an analysis of the water resource situation, water resource development, and existing problems in the Chengdu-Chongqing region of Sichuan, this paper proposes ideas and measures to strengthen the conservation and intensive utilization of water resources, promote water resource allocation, and establish a long-term mechanism for improving construction, management, and operation.

Water Rights and Water Markets: Discussing Economic Means for Achieving Optimal Allocation of Water Resources

This article serves as a speech outline prepared for the 2000 annual conference of the China Institute of Water Resources. On March 30, 1999, during the Seventh National Congress of the China Institute of Water Resources, I presented the viewpoint of "transitioning from engineering water resources to resource-based water resources." That speech cannot be considered a purely academic theoretical article; rather, it was a set of requirements for water resources work based on the practical development of water resources. It aimed to initiate a major discussion on "how China's water resources should face the 21st century" and fulfilled my responsibilities as a leader. Similarly, "Water Rights and Water Markets", although discussing issues of water economics, does not make me an expert in this field. Instead, the urgent demand for the reform and development of water resources in China requires us to research and address such topics. I have merely laid the groundwork to draw attention to this issue.

Analysis of Water Supply and Demand in 21st Century China: Ecological Water Conservancy Research

Facing the resource and environmental challenges in 21st-century China, the issue of water is particularly severe. Scarcity and wastage coexist; abundance and ecological imbalance coexist; contamination and poor management coexist. In fact, there are interconnected and transformative relationships among water resources, water disasters, and water environments. Water, as a core element of ecology and the environment, has positive effects when utilized efficiently as a water resource. However, fluctuations in its abundance and scarcity can lead to water-related disasters, while its quality evolution is closely related to water management and environmental protection efforts...

Speech at the Symposium on Ecological Protection and High-quality Development of the Yellow River Basin

The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021—2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 of P. R. China

Objectives of River Ecological Restoration

While water conservancy engineering construction has brought significant benefits to the economy and society, it has also posed threats to river ecosystems. Reflecting on this, people have raised questions about how to restore river ecosystems to compensate for the damage. Scholars from various countries have different views and definitions regarding the objectives of river ecological restoration. Considering the national conditions of China, when researching and implementing river ecological restoration, it is essential to base the efforts on the current status of river ecosystems. Creating favorable conditions and harnessing the self-recovery mechanisms of ecosystems are crucial steps in gradually restoring river corridor ecosystems.

A preliminary discussion of the engineering ethics and advanced cultural in Dujiang Weir

The Chinese people has thousands years of history for water governance.The practices of water governance,utilization and management of successive dynasties have left us with rich material,institutional and spiritual wealth.In order to explore the multiple values of this world cultural heritage,discussions are made on the contribution of those outstanding water projects represented by Dujiang Weir,so that Chinese wisdom and China's plan can be developed to address issues of imbalance between water supply and demand and other water crisis.Eco-friendly water project construction in the new age should be led by advanced water culture,with learning from good practices of Dujiang Weir from conservation and cultural prospective,so as to build a society with harmony of man and water and water structures in a modernized and eco-friendly ways.

Human activity and the global climate change and its impact on water resources

In understanding the effect of human activity on the global climate change for recent 100 years, IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has played a key role. During 17 years from 1990, IPCC has continuously gained insight into better understanding on the global climate change during the recent 100 years mainly caused by human activity, with its four assessment reports. This achievement has been made with provision of three aspects of evidences: (1) rapid increase in greenhouse gases since preindustrial era (after 1750); (2) temperature rise or warning of surface, tropospospere and oceans; (3) 100-yr climate simulations since 1900 for detection and attribution of the past climate change. These results have shown that recent 100-yr warming is jointly caused by natural climate fluctuation and anthropogenic activity, but most of recent 50-yr climate change is caused by the authropogenic activity. The present paper has first reviewed this issue. Then, the debates and uncenrtainties of global climate change issue have been discussed. The global climate change has had a significant impact on global water resources and management. This issue is further discussed based on changes in temperature, precipitation, sea level rise and evapotranspiration, which may be a necessary scientific basis for adaptation.

Discussions on key issues of water ecological civilization construction

How to understand water ecological civilization construction? On the basis of the interpretation of the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,this paper analyses and discusses several key issues of water ecological civilization as follows.First,the definition and connotation of water ecological civilization are given and the links between water ecological civilization construction and ecological civilization construction proposed by the state are elaborated.In addition,this paper analyses the crucial issues which should be paid attention to during the process of advancing water ecological civilization,and proposes specific recommendations to help to make the 5 goals of water ecological civilization come to be realized.

Thought of ancient "sponge city" : experiences of applying water-adaptive landscape

"Sponge city" is regarded as a new approach to deal with serious ecological and environmental problems under the process of fast urbanization at present. In ancient times, we have accumulated valuable experiences of building adaptive landscapes in the process of water resources management over a long period of time and fighting against various water disasters, such as selection of site of settlement, water resources management in cities and formation of cities. This approach has reflected the thought of "sponge city" that has great significance to the design of city landscape. Research and studies on adaptive landscape in ancient cities by academic field both home and abroad in recent decades are introduced, among which the study results from the Middle East, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and ancient mayan civilization are plenty and most of the studies focus on water diversion and storage works. The contents and type of adaptive landscape are affected by precipitation and landscape characters. The key areas of current studies have transformed from single factors such as flood control or drought relief into comprehensive research including examining complex structure and complicated functions of water landscape. Along with development of modern technology, how to improve theories of "sponge city" construction and practice has become a key subject for modern landscape design, facing the increasingly degradation of water environment and ecosystem and the fact of heritages of water landscape in ancient cities have been damaged and disappeared with each passing day.

Countermeasures for rainstorm and flood prevention in high-density cities——the “7·20” heavy rain revelation in Zhengzhou

Urban rainstorm flood disaster is the most prominent urban flood disaster in China. Combined with the "7·20" heavy rain revelation in Zhengzhou, through in-depth analysis of the main characteristics and causes of heavy rainfall and flood in high-density cities in China, from the three aspects of "resilience of defense system, resilience of infrastructure, and less loss in extreme rainstorm", the countermeasures of rainstorm flood prevention and control in high-density cities are proposed. It provides a new idea for solving urban flood problems systematically and improving urban flood defense and resilience.