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This study focuses on the regeneration of urban canal systems in the arid regions of Northwest China, taking the central urban area of Yinchuan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the case study. Yinchuan is situated within the pilot area for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. Confronted with multiple challenges, including water scarcity, ecological fragility, and the preservation of cultural heritage in the region, this study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and dynamic mechanisms of Yinchuan's canal system over more than two millennia through historical document research and multi-modal field investigations, thereby identifying the core contradictions in the current situation. With the overarching goal of constructing a distinctive canal system for the “Lake City atop the Fortress”, the study develops a systematic strategy system encompassing four dimensions: functional composite positioning, coordinated water quantity and quality regulation, activation of landscape context, and a closed-loop implementation guarantee. It focuses on exploring pathways for water quantity regulation that ensure ecological flow through multi-source water supply and internal circulation under a rigid water resource constraint system, as well as collaborative technical solutions for water quality improvement and connectivity restoration. Finally, taking the millennium-old Honghua Canal as an example, this paper elaborates on its comprehensive transformation strategy, encompassing ecological base restoration, culturally segmented narrative, and differentiated implementation demonstration. This study aims to provide a scientific, cultural, and operational reference for the renewal of urban waterfront spaces and the dynamic inheritance of irrigation engineering heritage in similar cities in the arid regions of Northwest China.
Water control precipitation radar enables refined areal rainfall monitoring. It is a core piece of equipment for upgrading hydrological rainfall observation operations and enhancing the capabilities of forecast, early-warning, rehearsal, and contingency planning. The construction of water control precipitation radar is a crucial task for accelerating the establishment of a modern monitoring and forecasting system for rainfall and water conditions. This study selected the Daqing River basin of the Haihe River basin, a plain region, as the pilot area, and systematically evaluated the application of water control precipitation radar and its quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE) products for typical rainfall processes of different intensities monitored during the 2023 and 2024 flood seasons. The research results indicate that the correlation coefficients between the radar QPE products and hourly rainfall from groundbased rain gauge stations were 0.768 and 0.901 for the two typical rainfall processes, respectively. This verifies the high-precision capability of the networked radar and its algorithms in capturing the intensity and location of heavy rainfall. Stratified evaluation based on rainfall intensity showed that the deviation of radar retrieval results tends to increase moderately with higher rainfall intensity. Future efforts require continuous improvement of core algorithms, such as attenuation correction, to further enhance the monitoring accuracy for heavy rainfall. Based on the current construction and application status of water control precipitation radars by various water authorities at different levels, and considering the main advantages and application effectiveness of this technology, recommendations for application planning and construction management are proposed in terms of operational platform development, quality assessment, computing environment, and forecasting models.
River and lake health assessment constitutes an important component of river and lake management. The indicator system for river and lake health assessment, when deeply integrated with the tasks of the river and lake chief system, provides a crucial foundation for understanding river health status, identifying problems in rivers and lakes, and proposing corresponding governance measures. It serves as a significant reference for river and lake chiefs at all levels in carrying out river and lake protection and governance. Based on a review of the research progress and policy development history of river and lake health assessment, this study summarizes the characteristics and regional differences of river and lake health assessment across different regions in China. It analyzes the current shortcomings in the implementation process of river and lake health assessment in China and proposes corresponding measures and recommendations. Through a systematic investigation of the current status of river and lake health assessment in various regions of China, the study examines the types of indicators, the basis for weight determination, and their application. It identifies the consistency and particularity of indicator settings across different regions and analyzes the regional differences in river and lake health assessment indicator systems. Recommendations for improving the indicator system are proposed, including constructing a differentiated indicator system, establishing a dynamic weight adjustment mechanism based on governance needs, developing an intelligent monitoring system for river and lake health assessment, and establishing and improving cross-regional collaborative assessment mechanisms. These aim to achieve the comprehensive goals of rivers and lakes being “safe, healthy, beautiful, culturally significant, and development-supporting”, and to provide a reference for the ecological protection and sustainable development of rivers and lakes in China.
On the basis of literature research, this paper summarizes the definitions and mechanisms of hazard sources, risks and hidden dangers, and deduces the accident evolution law that “hazard sources have risks, risks must be managed and controlled, hazards evolve into hidden dangers when risk management and control is not in place, and accidents will occur when hidden dangers accumulate to a certain extent”. Meanwhile, the fundamental role of hazard sources in the management of “six mechanisms” for risk management and control of water safety production is clarified. Then, by taking the Datengxia Water Conservancy Project as an example, this paper strengthens the construction of search mechanisms and judgment mechanisms from the aspects of comprehensive identification of hazard sources, scientific evaluation of risk levels, and in-depth correlation between investigation and management of hidden dangers and risk degrees of hazard sources. Additionally, the construction of early warning mechanisms and prevention mechanisms is enhanced by employing new quality productive forces from the aspects of intelligent perception, intelligent inspection, and intelligent prediction. Disposal mechanism construction is strengthened from the aspects of establishing emergency rescue teams, allocating emergency supplies, and improving emergency plan systems. Furthermore, practical innovations are made in the construction of responsibility mechanisms from the aspects of strengthening political responsibility of safety production, building grid responsibility systems, and improving the efficiency of information-based supervision to provide a reference for other water conservancy projects to better implement the “six mechanisms” during operation periods.
With the advancement of remote sensing technology and the increasing demands for ecological environment protection and management of rivers and lakes, it is necessary to design and apply a river and lake supervision system that meets practical business requirements to fully support the implementation of the river and lake chief system. The system is designed from three dimensions: air, ground, and water. It constructs a river and lake “air-ground-network” supervision system integrating “air observation”, “ground inspection”, and “water monitoring”, achieving synergistic coordination among the three dimensions. With remote sensing technology as the core, the system integrates multi-dimensional and multi-source information, including remote sensing images, video surveillance footage, and water quality monitoring data, forming a comprehensive threedimensional supervision network covering the entire river and lake areas. “Air observation” relies on satellite remote sensing technology to achieve macro-level dynamic monitoring of the entire river and lake areas, accurately identifying issues such as shoreline changes and suspected “four disorders”. “Ground inspection” utilizes video surveillance networks and visualization technologies to support routine patrol management of the river and lake environment and refined regional verification. “Water monitoring” employs equipment such as “water quality sentinels” to capture core indicators of the water environment in real time, constructing a key information monitoring and capture network for the water environment. The integration of these three components enables the monitoring and management of all elements, including river and lake ecology, shoreline control, and water quality safety. The remote sensing-based river and lake air-ground-network supervision system can provide effective solutions to pain-point problems in traditional supervision. It has been implemented in Beijing's river and lake management, providing precise and scientific data support for relevant decision-making and offering strong technical support for river and lake ecological protection and sustainable development.
Requirements for the integrated development of water network and shipping are proposed in the Guideline on National Water Network Construction, which focuses on promoting the in-depth integration of water network and shipping and enhancing the connection of water network and water transportation passage, thus providing a core principle for the two-network integrated development. To explore the key issues and solutions for the integrated development of the national water network and the inland shipping network, an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the two from both narrow and broad perspectives is conducted based on summarizing the characteristics of the national water network, integrating the current development status of inland shipping and relevant plans. The key issues in two-network integrated development are further discussed, including space synergy layout contradiction, conflict between water resource allocation and shipping demand, difficulty in balancing protection and development, and digital bottleneck of multinetwork synergy. The corresponding solutions are initially proposed. The study holds that it is necessary to make systematic technical breakthroughs in four ways. First, the specialized planning should be studied for the integrated development of the national water network and the inland shipping network to lay a solid foundation for the overall layout. Second, the key technologies for water-shipping joint dispatching should be innovated to solve the resource allocation contradiction. Third, the technologies for complex habitat restoration and green shipping development should be broken through to achieve biology-development synergy. Fourth, a pilot project of the water-shipping digital twin should be established to overcome the digital barrier of multi-network synergy. The proposed solutions can lay a foundation and provide practical guidance for the theoretical system of high-quality integrated development of water conservancy and water transportation in the new era.
Yudiba dams play a significant role in soil conservation and carbon sequestration, reducing erosion and carbon emissions, and enhancing vegetation growth and carbon sequestration capacity. The development of carbon sink projects for Yudiba dams is important for promoting their construction, operation, and maintenance, supporting ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin, and achieving China's “dual carbon” goals. On November 25, 2025, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Water Resources jointly issued the Methodology for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Projects: Carbon Sinks from Yudiba Dams(CCER-14-005-V0), which came into effect on the same date. This development signifies that Yudiba dam projects are now formally included under the carbon sink methodologies issued by the competent authorities. Consequently, the carbon sink volume of Yudiba dam projects can be included in the national Chinese Certified Emission Reduction(CCER) trading mechanism. This paper briefly elaborates on the main elements of the methodology, including applicable conditions, project boundaries, crediting periods, carbon pools, greenhouse gas emission sources, methods for accounting for project emission reductions, monitoring methods, and key points for project validation and verification. This methodology highlights the supporting role of the carbon sink mechanism associated with Yudiba dams, clarifies how Yudiba dam projects can be bundled to establish carbon sink projects, emphasizes the operability and standardization of monitoring methods, and stresses the need for consistency between the timeframes used for emission reduction verification and monitoring. To promote the full implementation of the methodology and actively advance carbon sink trading in soil and water conservation, it is essential to accelerate project planning and design, timely prepare project development guidance documents, to strictly control the quality of project development, monitoring, and accounting, and to effectively collect and analyze feedback.
As China's first comprehensive watershed legislation, the Yangtze River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China has become a solid legal cornerstone for driving the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity of the Yangtze River basin since its implementation five years ago. Based on the performance practices of river basin management agencies and water administrative departments at all levels, this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the remarkable performance since the law's implementation, covering multiple key areas of river sand mining management, water resource allocation, ecological flow control, planning system improvement, and collaborative governance promotion. Meanwhile, it deeply analyzes the multiple challenges faced by the law's implementation in the critical period of “quality and effectiveness improvement”, including increasing pressure on flood and drought disaster prevention, legislative shortcomings in the protection of important water sources, lagging local supporting legislation, and obvious cross-regional law enforcement barriers, as well as insufficient multi-objective coordination, modernization transformation of governance capabilities, and inadequate empowerment by science and technology. All of these put forward new systematic requirements for the law's implementation. On this basis, this paper proposes a targeted countermeasure system, focusing on deepening institutional implementation, bolstering implementation shortcomings, and strengthening systematic governance. Additionally, special legislation improvement, responsibility division refinement, intelligent governance promotion, and coordination mechanism enhancement can help promote the huge transformation of the Yangtze River Protection Law from “institution construction” to “effectiveness release”, continuously transform legislative advantages into governance effectiveness, and provide solid legal support for the high-level protection and high-quality development of the Yangtze River basin.
Small reservoirs in China are numerous and widely distributed, serving as critical infrastructure for flood control safety, water supply security, and ecological protection. However, this infrastructure generally faces severe challenges, including extended service life and insufficient maintenance capacity. Against the backdrop of intensifying climate change, traditional maintenance models and their supporting equipment have become significantly outdated, plagued by problems such as low operational efficiency, inadequate monitoring coverage, and slow emergency response, resulting in increasingly prominent risks to safe operation. This paper systematically analyzes the inherent deficiencies of traditional maintenance models. It comprehensively compares the application potential and implementation pathways of new-generation information technologies in water conservancy project management, such as unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), the Internet of Things(IoT), BeiDou satellite communication, distributed energy storage, and intelligent maintenance equipment. Furthermore, it constructs an integrated intelligent maintenance equipment system for small reservoirs, organically combining five subsystems: comprehensive support, intelligent perception, unmanned inspection, geophysical detection, and modern maintenance. Research indicates that this system can achieve allweather, comprehensive, and precise monitoring of the reservoirs' operational status, significantly enhancing maintenance efficiency and risk early warning capabilities. To facilitate the system's implementation, this paper proposes systematically advancing the modernization transformation of China's small reservoir maintenance systems around five pillars, including standardized top-level design, localized key technologies, integrated information platforms, targeted policy support, and professional talent teams, aiming to enhance the overall resilience and sustainable operational capacity.
As an important subject of water conservancy safety production management, safety risk management and control is also a scientific and systematic project, imposing relatively high requirements on professionalism and practicality. In daily practice, risk management and control of water conservancy safety production is generally simplified and modeled; the focus of management and control is not prominent; the management and control measures are unreasonable, which restricts the effectiveness of accident prevention to varying degrees. To improve the risk management and control effectiveness of water conservancy safety production, this paper integrates the “six mechanisms” of risk management and control for water conservancy safety production with the Bowtie analysis model. By centering on the evolution path of “hazard sources, top events, and accident consequences”, the Bowtie analysis model of water conservancy safety production risk is built based on the safety barrier theory. Firstly, top events(high-frequency common events) are identified. By taking the top events as the center, the hazard sources that lead to the top events are sorted out item by item forward, and preventive barriers are set. Meanwhile, the accident consequence path is deduced item by item backward, and mitigation barriers are set. Then, an evaluation index system is established for the built model, and the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the management and control effect. Finally, the barrier configuration is optimized according to the evaluation results. By taking the collapse, roof fall, and spalling accident of a trunk canal tunnel group construction project as an example, the model is adopted for verification. The results show that the Bowtie analysis model can significantly improve the systematicness and pertinence of barriers, and promote the implementation of the “six mechanisms” in hazard source early warning, prevention, and disposal. This path offers a systematic and visual risk management tool, which can serve as a reference for risk management and control practices of safety production in various water conservancy production and operation units.