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Research of debris flow preventing and controlling measures in China
Zhao JianChina is a country with many mountains, and the debris flow developed extremely. Every year the property damage which the debris flow caused is very tremendous and the debris flow has seriously threatened the safety of the people in the massif area, so the demand of debris flow preventing and controlling is very urgent. This paper analyzed different measures of debris flow preventing and controlling and their functions.
Studies on mountain flood warning system based on distributed hydrological model and its application
Guo Liang, Tang Xuezhe, Kong FanzheThe study methods of mountain flood warning system based on distributed hydrological model include zoning of sub-basins based on DEM and character abstraction, unit hydrograph analysis of non-data small watershed, software design, route of establishing mountain flood warning system. The practical application of the method is evaluated.
Water Environment Standard in Japan and Inspiration to Our Country
Gao Juan Li Guibao Hua Luo Du XiaLegal basis of water environment standard and water quality protection system is relatively maturity in Japan. Water quality standard divides into two kind of requirements on peopl health and protection of living environment. Standard for water pollution discharge is issued by the state, including 27 items on health and 17 on living environment ,and having norms for total pollution control. Standards for drinking water have been improved continuously. We should learn from the successful experience of Japan on water pollution control by initiating guidance of the government.
Sewage water irrigation problems and solutions in China
Liu Runtang Xu JianzhongCurrently.the size of farmland irrigated by sewage water has been reached around 3.3 million hm2, which takes 7.3% of the total irrigated area in China. The area irrigated by sewage water mainly locates in four large water basins of Hai, Liao, Huang and Huai where are the places with severe water scarcity problem in north China, of which takes 85% of the national sewage water irrigated area and are mostly located in suburb area of large and medium sized cities and industrial and mineral areas. The key problems of sewage water irrigation are badly irrigation water quality, low technical level of sewage water treatment, confused management system of sewage water irrigation, blindly extension of sewage water irrigation area and the lagging of the theory framework and technical research on sewage water irrigation. In order to use sewage water for irrigation scientifically, it is urgently to pay the first attention on the major work in water resources allocation, concentrate on sewage water treatment and utilization, standardized management of sewage water irrigation, and deeply and systematically research on sewage water irrigation.
Key technologies for construction of water ecological infrastructures
Yu Kongjian;It is found that misunderstanding is existed in the practice for management of water environment and ecosystem. Therefore it is suggested to build water and eco-friendly infrastructures for dealing with problems of flood and waterlogging, drought, water pollution, groundwater depression, lost of aquatic habitats, ecological recovery of brownfield and coastal development in cities. Key technologies for construction of water and eco-friendly infrastructures are introduced in detail on the basis of case studies on planning and design of eco-structures of varied scales, which are used for demonstrating necessity, feasibility and practical results of these strcutures. Eco-friendly structures have advantages of low requirement for input, low operation and maintenance cost and less damage to ecosystem comparing to"grey infrastructures", and can provide comprehensive services in a sustainable way. However innovation is needed in terms of implementation of this approach, application of methodology and creation of institutional system.
Current status and prospects of the treatment of urban water-related problems in China
Wang Hao;Mei Chao;Liu Jiahong;Wang Jia;With the rapid development of urbanization, urban water-related problems such as urban floods, black and odorous water bodies and water shortages have gradually emerged, and have become an important constraint on urban development. In the past 40 years, urban water management practices have made great progress in China. The urban flood disaster prevention system has been well established, urban black and odorous water bodies have basically been eliminated, and urban multiple water source guarantees and water-saving systems have been established. At present, China is implementing the 14 th Five-Year Plan and steadily moving towards the 2035 long-term goal, urban water-related problems solution has ushered in an important period of strategic opportunity. Facing to some time to come, principles of moderate advancement, classified policy implementation,systematic planning as well as the combination of concentration and decentralization, which need to be followed in the management of urban water-related problems are put forward. Furthermore, from the aspects of water shortage, water quality, disruptive technology, dealing with uncertainty and urban happiness, the preliminary understanding of the evolution of urban water-related problems in China are discussed. The current situation of urban water management in China is sorted out, and management planning and evolution are expected. Those provide some references for the management of urban water-related problems in China.
Application of South-to-North Water Diversion Project of water allocation in Shandong Province
Li Juan;Cai Jiahong;Chang Minghao;Main works of Phase-I of Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion and its counterpart system, as the guarantee for effective utilization of diverted water from the South, can provide a solid base for the integration of water resources allocation of surface water, groundwater as well as diverted water from the Yellow River and Yangtze River. Since the completion of Phase-I of Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion in 2013, the project has played a key role in water resources allocation and of great significance to sustainable social and economic development in Shandong Province, by producing economic, social and ecological benefits of varying degrees.
Current situation,problem and measures of water ecological civilization construction
Tang KewangOn the basis of examining inherent of water ecological civilization,the current situation in China is reviewed.Main issues related to water ecological civilization and causes of problems are exploited.Four measures for initiating water ecological civilization are put forward in light of future trend of economic and social development,demand and value orientation,including optimizing general distribution pattern of national water and land resources,constructing water-conserving and pollution control society,creating a healthy and beautiful river-lake ecosystem,and building a guarantee system for water ecological civilization.