China Water Resources

National water conservation initiative for promoting water-adapted and green agriculture and highly-efficient water use

Boosting water-adapted agriculture can be regarded as strategic measure for safeguarding modernized and green agriculture and sustainable development. Development of highly-efficient water-saving irrigation can promote transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture, while modernization of irrigation districts safeguards food security.It is argued that specific measures should be adopted in order to deal with practical problems in water-saving irrigation development. New thoughts and measures are also of great importance to water-saving development in agricultural practice.

Water resources scarcity standards and zoning evaluation in China

Clarifying standards for water resources scarcity and regional water shortage status is fundamental to water resource planning and management. However, there is no consensus and standard on the current situation,which affects the effective implementation of water resources rigid constraints and policies such as “water dominates city and land development, population and production”. This study analyzed the concept and connotation of water resources scarcity, selecting indicators of annual precipitation and per capita available water resources, and considering factors such as external water transfer and available transboundary water. It establishes a “double indicators, four factors, three levels” evaluation system for water resources scarcity. By calculating the average water demand per person under modern productivity levels in different regions and comparing it with actual per capita available water resources, it proposes thresholds for water resources scarcity and severe scarcity in different regions:600 m³ and 400 m³ in the Huang-Huai-Hai River basin, 800 m³ and 500 m³ in the Song-Liao River basin, and 1500m³ and 1000 m³ in the Yangtze River basin, Pearl River basin, and southeast and southwest river regions. The scarcity criteria are significantly lower than Falkenmark's standard of 1700 m³ per capitain 1989, mainly due to the significant improvement in productivity and irrigation water use efficiency. Based on this, an evaluation of water resources scarcity was conducted for 345 cities across the country, and the results showed that the proportions of cities with no shortage, shortage, and severe shortage are 55%, 23%, and 22%, respectively.

Retrospect and prospect on integrated management of soil conservation in small river basins

In past 3 decades, integrated management in small river basins has witnessed continuous renovation and development in theory, practice, technology, system and mechanism. It has now become an important technological guideline for soil conservation and ecology protection in China. It has also contributed to the protection of ecology and environment in soil eroded area, rural economy development and promotion of socio-economic development. The goal of integrated management in small river basins is to maintain sustainable utilization of water and soil and sustainable protection of ecology and environment. Furthermore, to implement integrated management in small river basins is to satisfy various needs of socio-economic development, to facilitate large-scale management and innovative developing mechanism, to integrate artificial training with nature's self-rehabilitation and to promote soil conservation in China.

Exploring the epochal value of Yellow Riverculture

The Yellow River is the birthplace of the Chinese nation,and the Yellow river culture has become the genesis and spirit of the Chinese nation. The fate of the Chinese nation is closely related to this river for its high status in politics, which fully reflects the capability of the government in water governance. The value of Yellow River culture in the new era can begeneralized into eight respects of ecological philosophy, scientific contribution, national identity, fighting spirit, development thought, political advantages, "red gene" and foreign exchange. The long history and practices prove that strong leadership of Chinese Communist Party is vital for the safety of the river. In the new age, the Yellow River culture must look to the future from its history, to gather spiritual strength for the realization of the Chinese Dream for great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Implementing leader responsible system in Jiangxi for river management and recommendations

Implementation of leader responsible system is of great significance to water conservation and protection of eco-environment as well as governance of river and lakes. Since Jiangxi owns a great number of rivers and lakes and plenty of water resources, it is necessary to take effective measures for water management with leaders shoulder theirs responsibilities. Taking the local conditions and practices into consideration, it is suggested to complete rules and regulations, make scientific planning, focus on "blue-line" management to rivers and lakes, set up information platform for decision makers, improve ecological compensation system, strengthen institutional system and introduce performance evaluation for leader responsible system.

Objectives of River Ecological Restoration

While water conservancy engineering construction has brought significant benefits to the economy and society, it has also posed threats to river ecosystems. Reflecting on this, people have raised questions about how to restore river ecosystems to compensate for the damage. Scholars from various countries have different views and definitions regarding the objectives of river ecological restoration. Considering the national conditions of China, when researching and implementing river ecological restoration, it is essential to base the efforts on the current status of river ecosystems. Creating favorable conditions and harnessing the self-recovery mechanisms of ecosystems are crucial steps in gradually restoring river corridor ecosystems.

Reflection related to water ecological civilization construction

Great significance of water ecological civilization construction is presented through explanation on the interrelationship between water and ecological civilization.Guiding thought and basic principle are put forward in accordance with general requirement of keeping a scientific development outlook.It is argued that implementation of the most stringent water resources management system is the key and main contents and tasks for water ecological civilization construction are reviewed in line with basic national and water conditions.Highlightment is placed on top-layer design and technical route of implementation step by step.

Treatment in Water Bodies Pollution by Ecological Floating Bed Technology

Based on characteristics of land plants of absorbing nutrients, water -planting technology was used for implantating suitable land plants in water, such as grain, oil crops, vegetables and flowers in eutrophication polluted areas. Nitrogen and phosphorus that caused enrichment of water bodies can be absorbed by the plants root system that degrade the harmful but nonpoisonous pollutants, and then be removed through plants harvesting. As a result water bodies are cleaned, converting useless to be utilized, ecosystem is also protected at the same time.

Store grain in water and technology——development of highly-efficient agricultural water use for ensuring national food security