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Establishing a smart water system with “forecast, early-warning, rehearsal and plan” functions by focusing on the construction of digital twin basin
Cai Yang;The Ministry of Water Resources recently reviewed and approved the Technical Guidelines for Digital Twin Water Network Construction(Trial). The top-level design of smart water with the construction of a digital twin river basin as the core has been completed. This paper introduces the background of the digital twin basin proposal, analyzes the necessity of adopting smart water with digital twin basin as the core, and expounds general ideas, construction goals and main tasks of smart water, and considerations of realizing co-construction and co-sharing of digital twin basin.
Foundation and development strategy for wise water affair management
Tian Yu;Jiang Yunzhong;Yang Mingxiang;Along with fast development and wide application of information technology, wise water affair management has become an effective tool for scientific water resources management in many countries. At present, there has no common understanding reached to the core theory and key factors related to wise water affair management. This study summarizes the current issues associated with wise water affair management based on practices home and abroad. A framework is proposed and in-depth studies are carried out for possible development strategy and measures of its implementation, which will provide great support to the approach of wise water affair management in China.
Review on studies for climate change impacting on hydrology and water resources
Research Center for Climate change,Ministry of water ResourcesAdvances of domestic and abroad study for climate change were briefly reviewed. Study scopes, main contents, methodology and key techniques in the national key projects in the 8th, 9th, 10th 5-year were emphatically introduced in the paper. Finally, assessment models for climate change impacting on hydrology and water resources were summarized.
Explanation of the definition,characteristics,type and value for water culture heritage
Tan XumingBeing a relatively independent culture heritage,water culture heritage owns both features of cultural and professional.Discussion is made on the characteristics of water culture heritage.It is divided into two categories of structural and non-structural.Each of them has the features of physical and non-physical.The contents of the two types are described.Discussions are also made on the types of structural and non-structural heritage as well as evaluation system and technical standards for heritage identification.
The practice and inspiration of ‘river chief mechanism’ in Jiangsu Province
Zhang JiataoSome cities in Jiangsu Province, such as Wuxi and Huaian, attempt ‘river chief mechanism’ in these 2 years, which form new experience in the practice of improvement and management of rivers and lakes. The practice shows that ‘river chief mechanism’ is a effective social management form to improve water quality and water environment, to ensure economic and social sustainable development, during the fully accelerating development time of industrialization and urbanization, witch is deserved and should be vigorously extended.
Research on rural sewage treatment techniques and application in demonstration projects
Li Xianning, Lv Xiwu, Kong Hainan, Luo Xingzhang, Li XiangyangAlong with deteriorating water pollution, rural sewage treatment has been referred to agenda. To investigate suitable method for rural sewage treatment, its discharge characteristics and treatment techniques were explored. Integration techniques by combining "biology" and "ecology" method were established by demonstration projects research. Results indicated that three integrated techniques attained high removal ratio especially to phosphorus and nitrogen with low investment and running expense conveniently. According to rural sewage discharge characteristic and local climate, combination of sewage treatment techniques and ecological agriculture utilization should be developed to advance removal efficiency and decrease running cost.
Current situation of water security and analysis of major problem in China
Li Jianqiang,Wang Jiansheng,Yan YongWater resources security is symbolized as stable and well functioned of water resources system,and depends on water resources situation and its bearing condition,water environment bearing condition,water ecology security and guarantee degree of water supply.It is recommended that measuring the pressure on water development and utilization and bearing condition of water resources by available water volume,measuring the compliance degree of pollutant load to the rivers by the pollutant bearing capacity and permitted emissions of major pollutants,measuring the water volume discharged into the downstream,water flowing into the sea and eco-environmental water requirements by adopting standard of eco-environmental requirements inside the river channel,measuring regional water use level and efficiency by reasonable water use quota.By choosing controlling index,this paper conducted overall assessment and analysis on current situation of water security in China,so as to further reveal and analyze water resources problems in China.
Water Rights and Water Markets: Discussing Economic Means for Achieving Optimal Allocation of Water Resources
Wang ShuchengThis article serves as a speech outline prepared for the 2000 annual conference of the China Institute of Water Resources. On March 30, 1999, during the Seventh National Congress of the China Institute of Water Resources, I presented the viewpoint of "transitioning from engineering water resources to resource-based water resources." That speech cannot be considered a purely academic theoretical article; rather, it was a set of requirements for water resources work based on the practical development of water resources. It aimed to initiate a major discussion on "how China's water resources should face the 21st century" and fulfilled my responsibilities as a leader. Similarly, "Water Rights and Water Markets", although discussing issues of water economics, does not make me an expert in this field. Instead, the urgent demand for the reform and development of water resources in China requires us to research and address such topics. I have merely laid the groundwork to draw attention to this issue.
Ten years of agricultural water-saving in China: achievements, challenges and measures
Kang Shaozhong;Water is the lifeblood of agriculture. Under the extreme condition of water scarcity, it is necessary to save water in agriculture and increase water use efficiency, in order to ensure national food security and effective supply of agricultural products. Based on a systematic summary of tremendous achievements made by China in agricultural water-saving in the past 10 years, in terms of ensuring national food security and effective supply of agricultural products, advancing sustainable development of regional agriculture and eco-environment recovery, promoting modern agricultural transformation and upgrading, improving quality and efficiency,and driving conservation industry development, the study examines the gap between current practices in China and advanced countries in the world, as well as issues and challenges regarding monitoring and longterm accumulation of basic data, evaluation index system and assessment standards, irrational expansion of irrigation area and water-based agricultural development, integration between conservation rehabilitation and irrigation system expiation with high standard farmland construction, highly-efficient conservation irrigation and agronomic technology support, comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing system and mechanism and policies for conservation irrigation engineering sustainable operation, and technology innovation and conservation industry development. Suggestions are made to promote high-quality development of agricultural water-saving.