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Summary of the Status and Development Trends of Unmanned Surface Vehicle
PU Jin-jing;LIU Han;JIANG Yun-hua;HUANG Jian;KUANG Guang-shen;LI Xiao-long;Unmanned Surface Vehicle(USV) is the product of the development of marine technology.As a new technology,it has been widely used in the field of oceanographic survey and maritime security.Based on the composition,application fields and development status of the USV system,this paper summarizes the key technologies of the USV and analyzes its development trend.As a surface motorized vehicle,the key technologies of USV include three aspects:special platform design,motion control,and communication.Based on the task requirement,load principle,and environment characteristics,the core technology is system integration and application consisting of application design and function development.Currently,USV are mainly used as a supplement to traditional offshore operations.On the premise of observing and referring to the requirements of existing regulations and technical standards,USV are equipped with sophisticated marine mission loads and used in accordance with traditional operating modes and construction practices.With the development of materials technology,artificial intelligence,communication technology,and the establishment and improvement of related policies and regulations,USV will gradually become an independent instrument,forming a series of new operating modes and technical methods.
Design and realization of line layout system for marine multi-beam bathymetric survey
WANG Fengfan;MA Yong;National Marine Data and Information Service;In view of the impact of the lack of software for survey line layout and sea ice on multi-beam bathymetric surveys in the polar ocean, we designed and implemented a line layout system for the multi-beam surveys. First, aimed at scenes before and during the survey, we designed the system's technical route, architecture and main functions. The features include calculation of line direction recommendation, automatic and manual line design, import of multi-beam on-site processed data, result in visual evaluation, etc. We elaborated on the key technologies to implement the system,including automatic line generation, swath production and information statistics. The system was developed in the Python language with some third-party open-source libraries. Finally, we conducted application experiments and discussed the results. The results show that the system can quickly and conveniently carry out line layout for multi-beam survey and evaluation of the results, which can effectively improve the efficiency of scheme design for multi-beam bathymetric survey, and is conducive to the development of a topographic and geomorphological survey of the polar seafloor.
Suggestions on the development of the Smart Ocean in China
JIANG Xiao-yi;PAN De-lu;National Marine Data and Information Service;Second Institute of Oceanography,SOA;In order to promote the maritime power strategy and accelerate the process of China's marine informatization, the implementation of the Smart Ocean is essential and meets the general development trend. On the basis of background introduction, this paper expounds the conception of the Smart Ocean, and analyzes the status of marine informatization development at home and abroad, describes the conception and framework of the Smart Ocean in China. Finally, suggestions on the future development of the Smart Ocean are put forward, including institutional construction and improvement, data accessing and sharing, key technologies and standards, and so on.
Latest research and progress on sea level change
WANG Hui;LIU Qiu-lin;LI Huan;LI Wen-shan;JIN Bo-wen;National Marine Data and Information Service;Climate change has brought about significant impacts to the earth, one of which is sea level change. Observation indicates the acceleration of global mean sea level rise since the twenty-first century. Sea level rise will trigger a series of coastal disasters and affect social and economic development in the offshore areas. This paper reviewed the research updates about sea level change including different sea level observe techniques and their characteristics and the latest research results on the global, regional and coastal scales. On the basis of the long-term sea level change trends along the China coast and in the China seas, the future sea level changes are projected utilizing ensemble projection method. The sea level rise projections under different scenarios are given for global ocean and China seas, which provides reference for climate change and sea level rise adaption in the coastal areas.
Trends and Challenges of the Marine Internet of Things
JIANG Xiao-yi;FU Yu;KANG Lin-chong;WANG Yi;Key Laboratory of Digital Oceanic Science and Technology,State Oceanic Administration;National Marine Data and Information Service;The Research about Marine Internet of Things(Marine lofT)is one of the hot topics nowadays.This paper discusses the basic concept of the Marne Ioff,then introduces the technical trends of marine data acquisition,communication,processing and analysis,as well as the current situation and shortcomings of China's development.Finally,it reviews some technical problems which focus on ocean information intelligent perception,construction of transmission network,and artificial intelligence-based marine Big Data mining and service.
Development of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler at Home and Aboard
DENG Kai;ZHANG Zhao-wei;YU Jian-lin;LU Shan;Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Ocean Acoustic Equipment;Wuxi Haiying-Cal Tec Marine Technology Co.,Ltd;ADCP is one of the most important instruments in measuring ocean current,and it has been widely used globally since being developed successfully.Several subjects were introduced in this paper,including basic principles,classification and development history of ADCP,and especially,the progresses of domestic ADCP research and applications in ocean observation and hydrometric measurement.Along with the advancement of R & D capability in China and broad applications of domestic ADCP,we will make greater progress in the future.
Development Status and Vision of Marine Communication
YU Yongxue;WANG Yujue;XIE Jiayu;This paper first outlines the current development status of marine communications,then analyzes in detail the mainstream marine communications systems worldwide,which including maritime wireless communications systems,marine satellite communications systems,and shore-based mobile communications systems,etc.The challenges facing by China s marine communications are addressed,such as insufficient communication technology of wireless communication,the reliability of communication on the surrounding marine environment,limited satellite communication resources,and small coverage area.Finally,the development vision of China's marine communications is proposed,including improving the technical capabilities of domestic marine communications equipment,and improving the level of satellite communications in China's marine communications,by extending shore-based mobile communications systems according to the characteristics of China's many offshore islands.
Development of Underwater Target Surveillance System
ZHANG Yin-quan;ZHANG Shuang;SUN Chun-jian;GAO Si-yu;National Marine Data and Information Service;National Ocean Technology Center;Underwater attack has considerable concealment,thus underwater defense of important targets has become a key issue for countries to consider. The underwater target surveillance system is the key to reduce enemy invasion, reduce the degree of attack damage, protect ports, wharfs and other major facilities, monitor unmanned islands remotely, safeguard marine rights and interests, and protect the safety of marine environment. This paper describes the importance of underwater target surveillance system, and summarizes the development status of underwater surveillance system at home and abroad. In view of the future development of underwater target surveillance system in China, the design and construction ideas were put forward.
On the Latest Development of Marine Information Technology
JIANG Xiao-yi;KANG Lin-chong;FU Yu;SUN Miao;Marine information technology is an important means to understand,develop and utilize the ocean and seas.With the advancement of the fourth technological revolution,marine information technology is evolving into the intelligence era.This paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the current development and trends of marine information technology such as information perception,marine internet-of-things,communication and network constructions,marine data processing,and application service technology since 2015.Several suggestions for the research and development of marine information are presented.
The Development of Marine Geographic Information System under the Background of Big Data
CHEN Peng;WANG Shao-peng;LI Yu-ting;CHEN Kun;LIU Yi-jie;Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment under Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University;National Marine Data and Information Service;The 21st century is an era of human development and utilization of the oceans.Marine resources are an important guarantee for sustainable development of China.Now we are in the upsurge of the development of big data technology.Combining big data technology with marine information system may give full play to their advantages and better serve the country's marine informatization.Starting from the concept of big data,this paper discusses the development direction of marine information system under the background of big data.It is proposed to build a large data warehouse based on marine geographic information system.Finally,a multi-environment and multi-level intelligent decision-making early warning system based on big data is constructed,which can provide a basis for decision makers.
Analysis on the Status of Intelligent Network Monitoring Technology and Equipment for Marine Ranch Environment
DU Libin;LI Zhengbao;CHEN Guangyuan;MENG Xiangqian;This paper analyzes the monitoring requirements of modern marine ranching,summarizes the monitoring equipment and technoloy on modern marine ranching monitoring network in recent years.In addition,a solution of modern marine ranching environment intelligent monitoring network system is proposed,and the test situation of related systems is introduced.Finally,it discusses and preliminarily puts forward the development trend of marine ranching intelligent network monitoring technology.
Marine big data:connotation,current trends and development prospects
YANG Jinkun;HAN Chunhua;WEI Guanghao;TIAN Xiande;LI Weilu;National Marine Data and Information Service;Marine data is an important fundamental national strategic resource, and the development of marine big data integration and application is of great significance to the implementation of the marine economic powerful nation strategy.This paper analyzes and summarizes the connotation, denotation and characteristics of marine big data from three perspectives of data, technology and application, and puts forward three key problems to be solved by marine big data:Bad Quality, Broken and Below Surface. Summarize the present situation and development trend of the marine big data from marine resources system, marine information communication network, marine big data processing analysis, marine data storage management and sharing service, marine big data applications research and development and so on. This pape discusses the current national marine big data center development demand and structures the overall layout of marine big data at home and abroad. From six aspects, including data resources, key technologies, shared services, open innovation, converged application and international cooperation, this paper puts forward the key development directions of marine big data, which is of great reference significance to the development of marine big data at the national,industrial and local levels.
Deep learning neural network and its application in marine environmental information mining prediction
XU Ling-yu;ZHANG Gao-wei;JIANG Wan-wan;LI Xin-juan;WANG Lei;School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University;East Sea Information Center,State Oceanic Administration;This paper introduces the application of deep learning in time series analysis and mining, the general status and characteristics of deep learning, and the latest application of deep learning methods at home and abroad,especially in the field of ocean information mining and prediction. In addition, this article also introduces the principle, structure and training method of typical deep learning neural network. Then three kinds of deep neural network models for marine environmental information are given, and the advantage and feasibility of the methods are also analyzed.
A review of ocean-oriented image processing and object detection techniques and applications
WU Yiquan;TONG Kang;Image processing and object detection technology in marine environments have become a current research hotspot, attracting widespread attention from researchers. A comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the techniques and applications of ocean-oriented image processing and object detection was carried out. This paper focuses on fifteen applications(mainly including defogging of marine images, optical image enhancement of solar glare and ocean flare,classification and detection of sea ice and icebergs, oil spill detection on the sea surface, intelligent detection of ocean vortices, ship detection in optical remote sensing images, detection of small infrared sea surface targets, side-scan sonar image processing, restoration and reconstruction of underwater optical images, classification of seabed sediments,classification and recognition of marine organisms, detection of submarine pipelines and underwater cables, extraction of coastline and water edge, detection of coastal garbage and plastics, monitoring of aquaculture areas and detection of algae disasters) from three aspects: offshore, seabed and the coast. Finally, this paper predicts future development directions for these techniques and applications, aiming to provide a valuable reference for research in this field.
The Progress and Prospects of Deep-Sea Mineral Resources Exploration and Exploitation
TIAN Xiande;YANG Jinkun;HAN Chunhua;Kong Min;LI Weilu;Since the discovery of deep-sea polymetallic nodule minerals by the British HMS Challenger voyage in 1872,there has been an upsurge of exploration for solid mineral resources in international waters.In 1983,China carried out a survey on Manganese Nodule resources in the South Pacific,started China's exploration of mineral resources in the international waters.By far,China has carried out more than 60 surveys,with a total of 5477 days of offshore operations.This paper summarizes the status quo of mineral resources exploration and mining technology in the international waters,analyzes the development of exploration and mining technology at home and abroad from the aspects of mineral resources exploration,seabed mineral resources exploration technology and mining technology,indicates the factors influencing the development at present,and studies the trend of mineral resources exploration and development.
Development and Application Status of Sea Water Temperature,Salinity and Depth Measurement Platforms
LIU Qi;ZHANG Yi-teng;ZHANG Shi-tong;China National Offshore Oil Corporation;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University;Temperature,salinity and pressure are essential physical parameters of the ocean.The conductivity-temperature-depth(CTD),a key instrument for temperature and salinity profile observation,is crucial for the development of marine economy,ocean observation,and maritime safety.The paper introduced several typical CTD measuring instruments and mobile observation platforms,and then focused on the application status of CTD on marine mobile observation platforms,including Argo array and underwater gliders.Additionally,measurement errors of CTD based on underwater gliders under the influence of factors such as thermal hysteresisand turbulence were analyzed.Finally,the development trend and application prospects of measurement technology of marine mobile observation platforms equipped with CTD represented by underwater glider were discussed.
Trends and challenges the cloud platform for Marine Internet of Things
GUO Zhong-wen;JIAN Si-ning;LIU Chao;REN Xing-yuan;Department of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China;National Marine Data and Information Service;The Marine Internet of Things uses computer communication technology to construct an interconnected network of buoys, ships and marine sensors in the ocean. This paper summarizes and combs the development and trends of Marine Internet of Things, describes the difficulties and provides a solution program for the development of Marine Internet of Things. The practical application approves the feasibility of the future implementation of the program. The solution program will be of great significance to the development of Internet of Things and the interoperability, integration and cooperation in the marine area.
Analysis of changes in Arctic sea ice and its influencing factors during 1979-2022
DENG Lijing;JIN Bowen;QUAN Mengyuan;WANG Aimei;FAN Wenjing;WANG Hui;National Marine Data& Information Service;National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center;Sea ice is an important component of the ocean atmosphere interaction system and an indicator of global climate change.In depth analysis of the evolution patterns of sea ice and exploring the correlation between global climate change and sea ice extent are of great theoretical significance for addressing and mitigating global climate change.This paper takes the Arctic sea ice as the research object,deeply analyzes the seasonal,interannual and interdecadal variation characteristics of the Arctic sea ice extent from 1979 to 2022,and constructs a Vector AutoRegression Model (VAR) to test the causal relationship between global average air temperature,atmospheric CO_2concentration and Arctic sea ice extent,while also analyzing the degree of influence.The results show that:(a) The Arctic sea ice extent has obvious seasonal variation characteristics,generally reaching its maximum in March and minimum in September,which is mainly related to the annual variation cycle of solar radiation;(b) From 1979 to 2022,the Arctic sea ice extent generally decreases,with an annual variation of 53 000 square kilometers;(c) The Arctic sea ice extent gradually decreases on the interdecadal scale,from 2000 to 2009,the Arctic sea ice extent decreased the most than that of the last decade,by 670 000 square kilometers;(d) Both global average air temperature and atmospheric CO_2concentration have a significant impact on the Arctic sea ice extent changes;(e) Both global average air temperature and atmospheric CO_2concentration have a significant negative correlation with the Arctic sea ice extent,with correlation coefficients of-0.92and-0.95,respectively.